Levine-Edwards Classification (Hangman Fracture)
Levine-Edwards classification of a traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis (hangman's fracture, a bilateral C2 pars/pedicle fracture), types I/II/IIa/III, by translation and angulation.
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Example
- Levine-Edwards type
- Type II - >3 mm translation with angulation (unstable)
Result: Levine-Edwards type II: more than 3 mm of translation with significant angulation (disc / posterior-longitudinal-ligament disruption). Unstable.
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What the result means
- Type I
- Less than 3 mm of translation, no significant angulation. Stable.
- Type II
- More than 3 mm of translation with significant angulation. Unstable.
- Type IIa
- Minimal translation but severe angulation (flexion); axial traction is contraindicated.
- Type III
- A type I fracture plus bilateral C2-C3 facet dislocation. Most severe.
What you enter
- Levine-Edwards type
How this is calculated
Levine AM, Edwards CC. The management of traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985;67(2):217-226. Read the source ↗
A reference and educational tool. Not medical, legal, or financial advice, and not a substitute for clinician judgment.