Goldman Cardiac Risk Index
Goldman Cardiac Risk Index (0–53): nine weighted clinical factors mapping to Class I–IV with the source’s per-class cardiac-complication rate for noncardiac surgery.
Open the calculator → Runs in your browser. Data leaves only if you deliberately send a problem report from the interactive tool.
Example
- MI within 6 months
- Yes
- Intraperitoneal, intrathoracic, or aortic operation
- Yes
Result: Goldman 13 points (0–53): Class III — about 14% major cardiac complications or death.
The tool opens with these values already filled in. Replace them with your own.
What the result means
- Classes
- I 0–5 (~1%), II 6–12 (~7%), III 13–25 (~14%), IV ≥26 (~78%) major cardiac complications or death. The ancestor of the RCRI.
What you enter
- Third heart sound or JVD (+11)
- MI within 6 months (+10)
- > 5 PVCs per minute (+7)
- Rhythm other than sinus, or PACs (+7)
- Age over 70 years (+5)
- Emergency operation (+4)
- Intraperitoneal, intrathoracic, or aortic operation (+3)
- Important aortic stenosis (+3)
- Poor general medical status (+3)
How this is calculated
- Factors
- S3/JVD 11, MI < 6 mo 10, > 5 PVCs/min 7, non-sinus or PACs 7, age > 70 5, emergency 4, intraperitoneal/intrathoracic/aortic 3, aortic stenosis 3, poor general status 3 (0–53).
Goldman L, Caldera DL, Nussbaum SR, et al. Multifactorial index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures. N Engl J Med. 1977;297(16):845-850. Read the source ↗
A reference and educational tool. Not medical, legal, or financial advice, and not a substitute for clinician judgment.