Predicted Spirometry + LLN (GLI-2012)
GLI-2012 predicted FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC with lower limit of normal; optional measured volumes return the % predicted.
Open the calculator → Runs in your browser. Data leaves only if you deliberately send a problem report from the interactive tool.
Example
- Age
- 40 years
- Height
- 175 cm
- Sex
- Male
- Ethnicity group
- Caucasian
Result: GLI-2012 predicted: FEV1 4.08 L (LLN 3.23), FVC 5.05 L (LLN 4.02), FEV1/FVC 0.81 (LLN 0.7).
The tool opens with these values already filled in. Replace them with your own.
What the result means
- Predicted (LMS)
- Predicted FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC from the GLI-2012 LMS equations for the selected sex and ethnicity group (Caucasian, African-American, NE/SE Asian, other).
- LLN
- The lower limit of normal is the 5th percentile; a measured value below it is below the reference range (not predicted FEV1 / predicted FVC).
What you enter
- Age (3-95)
- Height
- Sex
- Ethnicity group (GLI-2012)
- Measured FEV1 (optional, for % predicted)
- Measured FVC (optional, for % predicted)
How this is calculated
Quanjer PH, Stanojevic S, Cole TJ, et al (Global Lung Function Initiative). Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations. Eur Respir J. 2012;40(6):1324-1343. Read the source ↗
A reference and educational tool. Not medical, legal, or financial advice, and not a substitute for clinician judgment.