Forrester Hemodynamic Classification (Acute MI)
Forrester hemodynamic classification of acute MI / acute heart failure — derives the hemodynamic subset from the cardiac index and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, the invasive counterpart to the clinical Killip classification.
Open the calculator → Runs in your browser. Data leaves only if you deliberately send a problem report from the interactive tool.
Example
- Cardiac index
- 1.8
- PCWP
- 24
Result: Forrester subset IV (cold and wet): CI 1.8 and PCWP 24; hypoperfusion with congestion, derivation-cohort mortality ~55.5%.
The tool opens with these values already filled in. Replace them with your own.
What the result means
- Subset I / II
- CI >= 2.2 (warm). I: PCWP <= 18 (dry), ~2.2% mortality. II: PCWP > 18 (wet), ~10.1%.
- Subset III
- CI < 2.2 (cold) and PCWP <= 18 (dry) - hypoperfusion, hypovolemic; ~22.4% mortality.
- Subset IV
- CI < 2.2 (cold) and PCWP > 18 (wet) - cardiogenic shock physiology; ~55.5% mortality.
What you enter
- Cardiac index (L/min/m2)
- PCWP (mmHg)
How this is calculated
Forrester JS, Diamond GA, Swan HJC. Correlative classification of clinical and hemodynamic function after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1977;39(2):137-145. Read the source ↗
A reference and educational tool. Not medical, legal, or financial advice, and not a substitute for clinician judgment.